Human History of Philosophy

But the price of all this apparent progress was the gradual break-up of the traditional farming delivery with the consequent mass migration of rural immigrants to urban areas, and the regimentation of large poesy of semi-skilled workers in factories.

Add to this mix the ideas of Karl Marx (social r growth), Charles Darwin (biological evolution), and Sigmund Freud (psychoanalysis) and it is no wonder that the unexpected explosion of new intellectual and subterfugeistic movements that ensued would transform European culture forever. This historical shift is referred to as the birth of modernness, and it had expectant implications for the devices, education, communications, and the sciences.

In this piece I will investigate currents of modernism starting with the writings of Nietzsche and Freud that eventually influenced Surrealism. At the end of the paper I will also discuss a rather bizarre French intellectual movement called the Society of interchangeable Autopsy, which played an important role in the propagation of anti-clerical atheistic ideas, as well as performing a evidentiary function in the birth of the social sciences - particularly anthropology.

It is important to remember that modernism was a historical reaction to enormously painful and deep enigmatic social and cultural upheavals. Darwin's The Origin of Species was an implicit threat to the permit of the Judeo-Christian holy books embodied in the Bible. It directly contradicted contemporaries by providing unimaginable epochs of geological time to allow for the evolution of man from non- mankind ancestors. Since Galileo and Kepler had demolished the old Greek and medieval fancy of the heavenly spheres and proved that the Earth rotated around the Sun, occidental man had never received such a deeply troubling psychic shock.

Not only was the Bible intelligibly in error in its description of the origin of man, human dignity itself took a monumental blow to its collective self-conceit when it was forced to consider the probability that our ancestors were far more infernal than what the racist Europeans believed the Africans and other(a) non-Western peoples to be.

Hecht, Jennifer Michael. The End of the Soul. Columbia University Press. New York. 1999.

His bank note between Apollonian and Dionysian tendencies in both society and art can be seen as providing an intellectual basis for the haul the so-called primitive or non-Western had on Europeans of the time, who had conquered two-thirds of the peoples of the globe in the three and a half decades from 1870 to the beginning of World fight II in 1914. These tendencies were first reflected in the life and art of Paul Gauguin, and were later adopted by Cubism.

zsche, Freud, and the Surrealists were typical of other modernist thinkers and artists in critiquing both the scientific rationalism of the European inheritors of the judgment and the magic thinking of the Christian religion. Nietzsche destroyed much of the time-honored intellectual certainties of bourgeois society by denouncing Christianity, conventional morality, and rationalism (www.angelfire.com). His championing of the primacy of sense impressions over
Order your essay at Orderessay and get a 100% original and high-quality custom paper within the required time frame.